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        This example uses OpenLayers v<span>6.13.0</span>. The <a id="latest-link" href="#" class="alert-link">latest</a> is v<span id="latest-version"></span>.
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          <i class="fa fa-codepen fa-lg"></i> Edit
        </a>
        <div class="span12">
          <h4 id="title">Shaded Relief</h4>
          <p class="tags">
            <span class="badge-group">
              <a
                href="./index.html?q=raster" class="badge badge-info">raster</a
              ><a
                class="badge badge-info tag-modal-toggle text-white"
                data-toggle="modal"
                data-target="#tag-example-list"
                data-title="raster"
                data-content="
                  &lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./raster.html&quot;&gt;Raster Source&lt;/a&gt;
                  &lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./region-growing.html&quot;&gt;Region Growing&lt;/a&gt;
                  &lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./sea-level.html&quot;&gt;Sea Level&lt;/a&gt;
                  &lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action active&quot; href=&quot;./shaded-relief.html&quot;&gt;Shaded Relief&lt;/a&gt;"
                tabindex="0"
                >4</a>
            </span>
            <span class="badge-group">
              <a
                href="./index.html?q=shadedrelief" class="badge badge-info">shadedrelief</a
              ><a
                class="badge badge-info tag-modal-toggle text-white"
                data-toggle="modal"
                data-target="#tag-example-list"
                data-title="shadedrelief"
                data-content="
                  &lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action active&quot; href=&quot;./shaded-relief.html&quot;&gt;Shaded Relief&lt;/a&gt;
                  &lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./webgl-shaded-relief.html&quot;&gt;Shaded Relief (with WebGL)&lt;/a&gt;"
                tabindex="0"
                >2</a>
            </span>
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          <div id="map" class="map"></div>
<table class="controls">
  <tr>
    <td><label for="vert">vertical exaggeration:</label></td>
    <td><input id="vert" type="range" min="1" max="5" value="1"/></td>
    <td><span id="vertOut"></span> x</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><label for="sunEl">sun elevation:</label></td>
    <td><input id="sunEl" type="range" min="0" max="90" value="45"/></td>
    <td><span id="sunElOut"></span> °</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><label for="sunAz">sun azimuth:</label></td>
    <td><input id="sunAz" type="range" min="0" max="360" value="45"/></td>
    <td><span id="sunAzOut"></span> °</td>
  </tr>
</table>

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        <div class="span12">
          <p id="shortdesc">Calculate shaded relief from elevation data</p>
          <div id="docs"><p>
  This example uses a <code>ol/source/Raster</code> to generate data
  based on another source.  The raster source accepts any number of
  input sources (tile or image based) and runs a pipeline of
  operations on the input data.  The return from the final
  operation is used as the data for the output source.
</p> <p>
  In this case, a single tiled source of elevation data is used as input.
  The shaded relief is calculated in a single "image" operation.  By setting
  <code>operationType: 'image'</code> on the raster source, operations are
  called with an <code>ImageData</code> object for each of the input sources.
  Operations are also called with a general purpose <code>data</code> object.
  In this example, the sun elevation and azimuth data from the inputs above
  are assigned to this <code>data</code> object and accessed in the shading
  operation.  The shading operation returns an array of <code>ImageData</code>
  objects.  When the raster source is used by an image layer, the first
  <code>ImageData</code> object returned by the last operation in the pipeline
  is used for rendering.
</p>
</div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="row-fluid">
        <h5 class="source-heading">main.js</h5>
        <pre><code id="example-js-source" class="language-js">import 'ol/ol.css';
import Map from &#x27;ol/Map&#x27;;
import View from &#x27;ol/View&#x27;;
import {Image as ImageLayer, Tile as TileLayer} from &#x27;ol/layer&#x27;;
import {OSM, Raster, XYZ} from &#x27;ol/source&#x27;;

/**
 * Generates a shaded relief image given elevation data.  Uses a 3x3
 * neighborhood for determining slope and aspect.
 * @param {Array&lt;ImageData&gt;} inputs Array of input images.
 * @param {Object} data Data added in the &quot;beforeoperations&quot; event.
 * @return {ImageData} Output image.
 */
function shade(inputs, data) {
  const elevationImage &#x3D; inputs[0];
  const width &#x3D; elevationImage.width;
  const height &#x3D; elevationImage.height;
  const elevationData &#x3D; elevationImage.data;
  const shadeData &#x3D; new Uint8ClampedArray(elevationData.length);
  const dp &#x3D; data.resolution * 2;
  const maxX &#x3D; width - 1;
  const maxY &#x3D; height - 1;
  const pixel &#x3D; [0, 0, 0, 0];
  const twoPi &#x3D; 2 * Math.PI;
  const halfPi &#x3D; Math.PI / 2;
  const sunEl &#x3D; (Math.PI * data.sunEl) / 180;
  const sunAz &#x3D; (Math.PI * data.sunAz) / 180;
  const cosSunEl &#x3D; Math.cos(sunEl);
  const sinSunEl &#x3D; Math.sin(sunEl);
  let pixelX,
    pixelY,
    x0,
    x1,
    y0,
    y1,
    offset,
    z0,
    z1,
    dzdx,
    dzdy,
    slope,
    aspect,
    cosIncidence,
    scaled;
  function calculateElevation(pixel) {
    // The method used to extract elevations from the DEM.
    // In this case the format used is
    // red + green * 2 + blue * 3
    //
    // Other frequently used methods include the Mapbox format
    // (red * 256 * 256 + green * 256 + blue) * 0.1 - 10000
    // and the Terrarium format
    // (red * 256 + green + blue / 256) - 32768
    //
    return pixel[0] + pixel[1] * 2 + pixel[2] * 3;
  }
  for (pixelY &#x3D; 0; pixelY &lt;&#x3D; maxY; ++pixelY) {
    y0 &#x3D; pixelY &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; 0 ? 0 : pixelY - 1;
    y1 &#x3D; pixelY &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; maxY ? maxY : pixelY + 1;
    for (pixelX &#x3D; 0; pixelX &lt;&#x3D; maxX; ++pixelX) {
      x0 &#x3D; pixelX &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; 0 ? 0 : pixelX - 1;
      x1 &#x3D; pixelX &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; maxX ? maxX : pixelX + 1;

      // determine elevation for (x0, pixelY)
      offset &#x3D; (pixelY * width + x0) * 4;
      pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
      pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
      pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
      pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
      z0 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);

      // determine elevation for (x1, pixelY)
      offset &#x3D; (pixelY * width + x1) * 4;
      pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
      pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
      pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
      pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
      z1 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);

      dzdx &#x3D; (z1 - z0) / dp;

      // determine elevation for (pixelX, y0)
      offset &#x3D; (y0 * width + pixelX) * 4;
      pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
      pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
      pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
      pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
      z0 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);

      // determine elevation for (pixelX, y1)
      offset &#x3D; (y1 * width + pixelX) * 4;
      pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
      pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
      pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
      pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
      z1 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);

      dzdy &#x3D; (z1 - z0) / dp;

      slope &#x3D; Math.atan(Math.sqrt(dzdx * dzdx + dzdy * dzdy));

      aspect &#x3D; Math.atan2(dzdy, -dzdx);
      if (aspect &lt; 0) {
        aspect &#x3D; halfPi - aspect;
      } else if (aspect &gt; halfPi) {
        aspect &#x3D; twoPi - aspect + halfPi;
      } else {
        aspect &#x3D; halfPi - aspect;
      }

      cosIncidence &#x3D;
        sinSunEl * Math.cos(slope) +
        cosSunEl * Math.sin(slope) * Math.cos(sunAz - aspect);

      offset &#x3D; (pixelY * width + pixelX) * 4;
      scaled &#x3D; 255 * cosIncidence;
      shadeData[offset] &#x3D; scaled;
      shadeData[offset + 1] &#x3D; scaled;
      shadeData[offset + 2] &#x3D; scaled;
      shadeData[offset + 3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
    }
  }

  return {data: shadeData, width: width, height: height};
}

const elevation &#x3D; new XYZ({
  url: &#x27;https://{a-d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/aj.sf-dem/{z}/{x}/{y}.png&#x27;,
  crossOrigin: &#x27;anonymous&#x27;,
});

const raster &#x3D; new Raster({
  sources: [elevation],
  operationType: &#x27;image&#x27;,
  operation: shade,
});

const map &#x3D; new Map({
  target: &#x27;map&#x27;,
  layers: [
    new TileLayer({
      source: new OSM(),
    }),
    new ImageLayer({
      opacity: 0.3,
      source: raster,
    }),
  ],
  view: new View({
    extent: [-13675026, 4439648, -13580856, 4580292],
    center: [-13615645, 4497969],
    minZoom: 10,
    maxZoom: 16,
    zoom: 13,
  }),
});

const controlIds &#x3D; [&#x27;vert&#x27;, &#x27;sunEl&#x27;, &#x27;sunAz&#x27;];
const controls &#x3D; {};
controlIds.forEach(function (id) {
  const control &#x3D; document.getElementById(id);
  const output &#x3D; document.getElementById(id + &#x27;Out&#x27;);
  const listener &#x3D; function () {
    output.innerText &#x3D; control.value;
    raster.changed();
  };
  control.addEventListener(&#x27;input&#x27;, listener);
  control.addEventListener(&#x27;change&#x27;, listener);
  output.innerText &#x3D; control.value;
  controls[id] &#x3D; control;
});

raster.on(&#x27;beforeoperations&#x27;, function (event) {
  // the event.data object will be passed to operations
  const data &#x3D; event.data;
  data.resolution &#x3D; event.resolution;
  for (const id in controls) {
    data[id] &#x3D; Number(controls[id].value);
  }
});
</code></pre>
      </div>

      <div class="row-fluid">
        <h5 class="source-heading">index.html</h5>
        <pre><code id="example-html-source" class="language-markup">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html lang="en"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;meta charset="UTF-8"&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;Shaded Relief&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;!-- Pointer events polyfill for old browsers, see https://caniuse.com/#feat=pointer --&gt;
    &lt;script src="https://unpkg.com/elm-pep@1.0.6/dist/elm-pep.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;!-- The lines below are only needed for old environments like Internet Explorer and Android 4.x --&gt;
    &lt;script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=fetch,requestAnimationFrame,Element.prototype.classList,TextDecoder"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/core-js/3.18.3/minified.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;style&gt;
      .map {
        width: 100%;
        height:400px;
      }
      table.controls td {
        padding: 2px 5px;
      }
      table.controls td:nth-child(3) {
        text-align: right;
        min-width: 3em;
      }
    &lt;/style&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
    &lt;div id&#x3D;&quot;map&quot; class&#x3D;&quot;map&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;table class&#x3D;&quot;controls&quot;&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;label for&#x3D;&quot;vert&quot;&gt;vertical exaggeration:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id&#x3D;&quot;vert&quot; type&#x3D;&quot;range&quot; min&#x3D;&quot;1&quot; max&#x3D;&quot;5&quot; value&#x3D;&quot;1&quot;/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;span id&#x3D;&quot;vertOut&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; x&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;label for&#x3D;&quot;sunEl&quot;&gt;sun elevation:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id&#x3D;&quot;sunEl&quot; type&#x3D;&quot;range&quot; min&#x3D;&quot;0&quot; max&#x3D;&quot;90&quot; value&#x3D;&quot;45&quot;/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;span id&#x3D;&quot;sunElOut&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; °&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;label for&#x3D;&quot;sunAz&quot;&gt;sun azimuth:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id&#x3D;&quot;sunAz&quot; type&#x3D;&quot;range&quot; min&#x3D;&quot;0&quot; max&#x3D;&quot;360&quot; value&#x3D;&quot;45&quot;/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;&lt;span id&#x3D;&quot;sunAzOut&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; °&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/table&gt;
    &lt;script src="main.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</code></pre>
      </div>

      <div class="row-fluid">
        <h5 class="source-heading">package.json</h5>
        <pre><code id="example-pkg-source" class="language-json">{
  &quot;name&quot;: &quot;shaded-relief&quot;,
  &quot;dependencies&quot;: {
    &quot;ol&quot;: &quot;6.13.0&quot;
  },
  &quot;devDependencies&quot;: {
    &quot;parcel&quot;: &quot;^2.0.0&quot;
  },
  &quot;scripts&quot;: {
    &quot;start&quot;: &quot;parcel index.html&quot;,
    &quot;build&quot;: &quot;parcel build --public-url . index.html&quot;
  }
}</code></pre>
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